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Wreck Samba Member
Joined: July 19, 2014 Posts: 1312 Location: Brisbane
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Posted: Mon Jul 07, 2025 6:30 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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when flowing the end casting , they would only flow one throat at a time , so that is 120cfm per throat . like ports . you don't flow both intake ports at the same time . |
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Dusty1 Samba Member
Joined: April 16, 2004 Posts: 2089
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Posted: Tue Jul 08, 2025 6:40 am Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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chrisflstf wrote: |
I asked this question before about increasing flow and was told to check out the Formula Vee forums, but couldnt find anything helpful |
In the U.S. we have SCCA sanctioned Formula Vee and "outlaw" Furmula First.
The SCCA has a very tight rule book. The cars were idesigned to be built from scrapped early '60s Bugs. You won't find any parts on a Vee you wouldn't find on a '64- '65 Bug. Except for $6000 worth of Penske shocks. And an exhaust that looks like it fell off a '60s Indycar.
Anyway, Vees use "all 40 horse parts" except for a dual relief case. They're cheated out a tine bit everywhere you look but nuthin' obvious.
Formula First has a more pragmatic rule book. The engines are close to 1600cc "low compression" desert motors. "Low compression" desert motors use dual port heads and 9.0:1 compression.
I would be happy to get 90hp from my low compression 1600 desert motor with "stock" end castings. You're right. It's like a Formula Vee. It's cheated to the limits of the rules everywhere you look.
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Alstrup Samba Member
Joined: July 12, 2007 Posts: 7818 Location: Videbaek Denmark
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58 Plastic Tub Samba Member

Joined: September 03, 2007 Posts: 473 Location: Nowhere, USA
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Posted: Tue Jul 08, 2025 7:39 am Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Do you run FV, Dusty?
I've been looking very hard at it. It's the arcane rulebook and the lack of track time (20 minute races? Really?) that has kept me from it. _________________ Stan Galat
"A single point in isolation is a reference point. Two points is a line. Three points is a trend. Trends don't lie." |
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Dusty1 Samba Member
Joined: April 16, 2004 Posts: 2089
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Posted: Tue Jul 08, 2025 9:36 am Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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58 Plastic Tub wrote: |
Do you run FV, Dusty?
I've been looking very hard at it. It's the arcane rulebook and the lack of track time (20 minute races? Really?) that has kept me from it. |
When you want to go off the rails just conjure The Off Topic Poster Boy.
I have a several Guest Mechanic gigs with a several "tuners". We have the inevitable "race" trailers out back with numerous race cars primarily high end V8 short trackers. But... I stumbled into the premier Formula Vee engine builder's workshop. These guys all know each other so I met another Formula Vee dignitary then another. I now have a choice of several world class cars. Or I can do my Guest Mechanic gig as part of someone's pit crew.
I'm not at all worried about "20 minute races". Short track races are generally 40 laps for the upper classes with 20- 25 laps being typical.
World of Outlaws generally runs 25 lap main events. Been to a zillion of 'em. Never been bored.
If you want to race... go race.
SCCA is generally hobby racing. Money in, no money out. I could prepare a Porsche, "race" it at SCCA events and then get all the track time I ever wanted at three different "club racing" tracks as well as Loudon or Watkins Glen.
I can wreck a car anywhere. I don't want to wreck at Lime Rock.
The Loudon road course doesn't have any gravel traps.
There are short tracks featuring weekly racing literally everywhere. Pick a class. Build or buy a car. Show up at the back gate on race night. Sign off on liability. You're in!
You still need to pass tech. Some tracks are picky. Some aren't.
If you want to get your laps in and you're o.k. with goin' around in circles most short tracks have special events. Special events are typically around 100 laps, $10,000 to win. I'd rather put together a Volkswagen and maybe get paid instead of a Porsche club racer that's all pay to play.
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NJ John Samba Member

Joined: September 21, 2007 Posts: 2860 Location: HdG, MD & NJ
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Posted: Tue Jul 08, 2025 7:47 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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This is not my pic or end casting.
_________________ 1973 standard, yellow, lowered, 3” narrowed front, 1600 blo-thru turbo w/single dell 15.4@86, so far
11.41 et buggy. Long gone
Let’s go O’s! Let’s go O’s!
https://www.youtube.com/@AirSpooledGarage |
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BFB Samba Member

Joined: November 03, 2014 Posts: 2615
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Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2025 4:09 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Wreck wrote: |
when flowing the end casting , they would only flow one throat at a time , so that is 120cfm per throat . like ports . you don't flow both intake ports at the same time . |
I get that but im not getting why you made a point of it. what it seems to me that your your trying to say is that because only one cylinder is pulling at a time and the end casting will only flow 110 - 130 cfm, so then if an engine requires 250 cfm that the end castings won't support that flow. is that what your trying to say? _________________ "how am i supposed to torque the rear wheel nut to 250 ft lbs??? " - clonebug
An interesting thing happens in forums where everyone starts parroting the same thing and "common knowledge" takes over.
Most experts aren't. |
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chrisflstf Samba Member

Joined: February 10, 2004 Posts: 4018 Location: San Diego
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Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2025 5:55 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Most of the stock, if not all, have a small notch connecting both cylinders between them. Some people fill those (no plenum affect) |
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modok Samba Member

Joined: October 30, 2009 Posts: 27649 Location: Colorado Springs
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Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2025 6:00 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Heads flow more at 25" than they do at 10"
And they flow more at 29 than they do at 25
right?
29" of water is right about 1 psi
Mass flow in the running engine levels off about when pressure drop is kissing 200 inches of water (2:1 pressure ratio; 7psi of suck)
Also the majority of flow into a cylinder happens in 120 crank degrees or less
So if you adjust your math with these factors, it will be closer to what actually happens in the engine.
The main point of flow testing things is to too see how efficiently they flow compared to how big they are.
Bigger holes flow more than smaller ones In case you hadn't already guessed that. You don't need a flowbench to measure a hole. But you do need a flow bench to measure how efficiently the hole flows for it's size. |
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Wreck Samba Member
Joined: July 19, 2014 Posts: 1312 Location: Brisbane
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Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2025 6:09 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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BFB wrote: |
Wreck wrote: |
when flowing the end casting , they would only flow one throat at a time , so that is 120cfm per throat . like ports . you don't flow both intake ports at the same time . |
I get that but im not getting why you made a point of it. what it seems to me that your your trying to say is that because only one cylinder is pulling at a time and the end casting will only flow 110 - 130 cfm, so then if an engine requires 250 cfm that the end castings won't support that flow. is that what your trying to say? |
That's right . so your example of a 2.3lt engine at 5500 needing 220cfm for 100 VE
If it has only 130cfm , at 5500 you are no longer at 100VE because of the restriction in the intake . |
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BFB Samba Member

Joined: November 03, 2014 Posts: 2615
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Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2025 7:32 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Wreck wrote: |
BFB wrote: |
Wreck wrote: |
when flowing the end casting , they would only flow one throat at a time , so that is 120cfm per throat . like ports . you don't flow both intake ports at the same time . |
I get that but im not getting why you made a point of it. what it seems to me that your your trying to say is that because only one cylinder is pulling at a time and the end casting will only flow 110 - 130 cfm, so then if an engine requires 250 cfm that the end castings won't support that flow. is that what your trying to say? |
That's right . so your example of a 2.3lt engine at 5500 needing 220cfm for 100 VE
If it has only 130cfm , at 5500 you are no longer at 100VE because of the restriction in the intake . |
ok, but that logic isn't right because that 2.3 wouldn't be pulling 220 cfm per cylinder. your applying the whole volume the engine pulls to the flow of one side of one end casting.
in the 2276 example each cylinder would only be 55 cfm, half of what the lowest flow rating was for the one end casting side _________________ "how am i supposed to torque the rear wheel nut to 250 ft lbs??? " - clonebug
An interesting thing happens in forums where everyone starts parroting the same thing and "common knowledge" takes over.
Most experts aren't. |
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Wreck Samba Member
Joined: July 19, 2014 Posts: 1312 Location: Brisbane
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Posted: Wed Jul 09, 2025 8:39 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Get 2 restrictor plates made that flow 55 CMF each port , put them under the manifolds of a 2.3lt with twin IDFs and see how high you can rev it .
or put stock valved (35in /32ex) heads on that 2.3 and limit the valve lift to 0.080" See how high it will rev . |
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BFB Samba Member

Joined: November 03, 2014 Posts: 2615
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Posted: Thu Jul 10, 2025 7:16 am Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Wreck wrote: |
Get 2 restrictor plates made that flow 55 CMF each port , put them under the manifolds of a 2.3lt with twin IDFs and see how high you can rev it .
or put stock valved (35in /32ex) heads on that 2.3 and limit the valve lift to 0.080" See how high it will rev . |
.080?? your just pulling shit out of your ass now to try and prove a point because your getting frustrated. your the one trying to say that a single cylinder flows the entire volume of the engine's cfm and I'm nicely trying to tell that's stupid. so, you do your experiment and prove your own point.
let me make a similar statement to yours but on the other side of the coin, by your logic this 2276 would need a 900 cfm worth of carburetor. maybe that's where the problem lies, all the guys that run single center mount carbs should actually modify a tunnel ram for a small block chevy and run dual 450's and probably a 3" intake runner too .... _________________ "how am i supposed to torque the rear wheel nut to 250 ft lbs??? " - clonebug
An interesting thing happens in forums where everyone starts parroting the same thing and "common knowledge" takes over.
Most experts aren't. |
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Alstrup Samba Member
Joined: July 12, 2007 Posts: 7818 Location: Videbaek Denmark
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Brian_e  Samba Member

Joined: July 28, 2009 Posts: 3954 Location: Rapid City, South Dakota
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Posted: Thu Jul 10, 2025 9:22 am Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Just break it into a single cylinder engine for your software inputs.
Divide your displacement by 4, and use 110-130cfm for your calculations. That will get you close, but it will still need the rest of the intake system figured into the equation. The engine can't run with an open hole on the end of the manifold. Realistically you should be using the whole intake system if you want to get accurate numbers from your software.
Brian _________________ So more or less the lazier and stupider you want to be, the nicer quality parts you need to buy.
-Modok
www.type-emotorsports.com
Type E Engine Parts and Supplies
https://type-emotorsports.com/collections/engine-parts |
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BFB Samba Member

Joined: November 03, 2014 Posts: 2615
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Posted: Thu Jul 10, 2025 11:27 am Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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if im missing something on this then educate me, because maybe I am. but it seems pretty cut & dry to me, an engine that pumps 220 cfm doesn't pump 220 cfm per cylinder. if its a 220cfm 4 cylinder then you divide 220 by 4 to get per cylinder cfm, if its a 600 cfm V8 you divide 600 by 8. and we all know theres more factors involved in the complexity of the entire system and that the end castings are a paired runner so its not just as simple as " the end castings flow 110- 130 cfm", all that is a given.
but to say that opening a stock valve .080 as an equivalent of one cylinder flowing 55 cfm ( the 220 / 4 ) is just trying to be an ass about it vs just explaining how that conclusion was come to.
a single cylinder measuring 94mm w/ 82 mm stroke is 569cc or 34.7 Ci , we'll just call it 35. plug those numbers into the equation or an online calculator and you get the same results, 55cfm @ 100% VE, 85% VE is like 47 cfm. I have no idea why Wreck would think this same cylinder moves 220 cfm.
I havent boosted as many engines as I have by mis-calculating engine cfm and referencing a turbo maps to match things up. so I can't be off by much... not by 660 cfm...
but again, show me, if im wrong then im wrong. _________________ "how am i supposed to torque the rear wheel nut to 250 ft lbs??? " - clonebug
An interesting thing happens in forums where everyone starts parroting the same thing and "common knowledge" takes over.
Most experts aren't. |
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EVfun  Samba Member

Joined: April 01, 2012 Posts: 6125 Location: Seattle
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Posted: Thu Jul 10, 2025 12:39 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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BFB wrote: |
if im missing something on this then educate me, because maybe I am. but it seems pretty cut & dry to me, an engine that pumps 220 cfm doesn't pump 220 cfm per cylinder. if its a 220cfm 4 cylinder then you divide 220 by 4 to get per cylinder cfm, if its a 600 cfm V8 you divide 600 by 8. and we all know theres more factors involved in the complexity of the entire system and that the end castings are a paired runner so its not just as simple as " the end castings flow 110- 130 cfm", all that is a given.
but to say that opening a stock valve .080 as an equivalent of one cylinder flowing 55 cfm ( the 220 / 4 ) is just trying to be an ass about it vs just explaining how that conclusion was come to.
a single cylinder measuring 94mm w/ 82 mm stroke is 569cc or 34.7 Ci , we'll just call it 35. plug those numbers into the equation or an online calculator and you get the same results, 55cfm @ 100% VE, 85% VE is like 47 cfm. I have no idea why Wreck would think this same cylinder moves 220 cfm.
I havent boosted as many engines as I have by mis-calculating engine cfm and referencing a turbo maps to match things up. so I can't be off by much... not by 660 cfm...
but again, show me, if im wrong then im wrong. |
I think you might be missing the point that each cylinder only draws for about 1/4 the time, so per minute run time that intake port is only flowing 15 seconds.
I ran the numbers for your theoretical 1 cylinder engine at 5500 rpm (2750 intake pulses per minute) and get a overall flow of 55 cfm at 100% VE. However, it needs to flow that 55 cfm in about 15 seconds of that minute so you would want a port capable of flowing 220 cfm (then reduced by the VE being less than 100%).
Of course, I could easily be wrong too. I'm no engine expert. _________________
Wildthings wrote: |
As a general rule, cheap parts are the most expensive parts you can buy. |
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Wreck Samba Member
Joined: July 19, 2014 Posts: 1312 Location: Brisbane
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Posted: Thu Jul 10, 2025 3:04 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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If you look at the chart on this
threadhttps://www.thesamba.com/vw/forum/viewtopic.php?t=573099
look for stock 1600 twin port flow numbers at 0.100" That is what they flow per port at the measured depression.
At the beginning you said that a 2.3lt needed 220cfm at 5500 to be at 100VE
That is just a theorised program that doesn't take into account port design and efficiency . It is a tool to work out what your intake needs to flow per cylinder to get 100% cylinder filling at that rpm .
I was pointing out that those numbers are per cylinder. People think you put twin twin throat carbs/itbs to get more air into the engine , that is not correct , it is to separate the reversion pulses and get the engine to run smoother at lower rpm . and more ability to fine tune it. |
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BFB Samba Member

Joined: November 03, 2014 Posts: 2615
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Posted: Thu Jul 10, 2025 5:20 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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EVfun wrote: |
BFB wrote: |
if im missing something on this then educate me, because maybe I am. but it seems pretty cut & dry to me, an engine that pumps 220 cfm doesn't pump 220 cfm per cylinder. if its a 220cfm 4 cylinder then you divide 220 by 4 to get per cylinder cfm, if its a 600 cfm V8 you divide 600 by 8. and we all know theres more factors involved in the complexity of the entire system and that the end castings are a paired runner so its not just as simple as " the end castings flow 110- 130 cfm", all that is a given.
but to say that opening a stock valve .080 as an equivalent of one cylinder flowing 55 cfm ( the 220 / 4 ) is just trying to be an ass about it vs just explaining how that conclusion was come to.
a single cylinder measuring 94mm w/ 82 mm stroke is 569cc or 34.7 Ci , we'll just call it 35. plug those numbers into the equation or an online calculator and you get the same results, 55cfm @ 100% VE, 85% VE is like 47 cfm. I have no idea why Wreck would think this same cylinder moves 220 cfm.
I havent boosted as many engines as I have by mis-calculating engine cfm and referencing a turbo maps to match things up. so I can't be off by much... not by 660 cfm...
but again, show me, if im wrong then im wrong. |
I think you might be missing the point that each cylinder only draws for about 1/4 the time, so per minute run time that intake port is only flowing 15 seconds.
I ran the numbers for your theoretical 1 cylinder engine at 5500 rpm (2750 intake pulses per minute) and get a overall flow of 55 cfm at 100% VE. However, it needs to flow that 55 cfm in about 15 seconds of that minute so you would want a port capable of flowing 220 cfm (then reduced by the VE being less than 100%).
Of course, I could easily be wrong too. I'm no engine expert. |
Now something like that i could see. And i have read that when flow numbers are generated on a bench that they are done so with a constant fan which isnt quite the same as being on an engine and its “pulsating “ flow. _________________ "how am i supposed to torque the rear wheel nut to 250 ft lbs??? " - clonebug
An interesting thing happens in forums where everyone starts parroting the same thing and "common knowledge" takes over.
Most experts aren't. |
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BFB Samba Member

Joined: November 03, 2014 Posts: 2615
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Posted: Thu Jul 10, 2025 5:36 pm Post subject: Re: Endcastings flow? |
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Wreck wrote: |
If you look at the chart on this
thread https://www.thesamba.com/vw/forum/viewtopic.php?t=573099
look for stock 1600 twin port flow numbers at 0.100" That is what they flow per port at the measured depression.
At the beginning you said that a 2.3lt needed 220cfm at 5500 to be at 100VE
That is just a theorised program that doesn't take into account port design and efficiency . It is a tool to work out what your intake needs to flow per cylinder to get 100% cylinder filling at that rpm .
I was pointing out that those numbers are per cylinder. People think you put twin twin throat carbs/itbs to get more air into the engine , that is not correct , it is to separate the reversion pulses and get the engine to run smoother at lower rpm . and more ability to fine tune it. |
Ok.
That link needs edited, the “thread” is part of it, i changed it in the quote.
I get what you’re saying about the dual carb thing. And on that note, i think thats one of the coolest things ever that the carbs run so well in that set up and also very cool to see the fuel mist vapor above the carbs.
My point about the 2.3 wasnt what it “needed to be at 100% VE”, the 100% VE wasnt to point nor the goal, it was that i plugged that engine in at 100% VE to come to 220cfm. I did that because 100%VE gives a higher cfm than what is probably accurate as i doubt many 2276’s running around are that efficient. Probably more like 80%, right? I was going for overkill on the cfm by using 100%VE.
Why are we reading the flow at .100 lift? Whats the point with looking at it there in regards to what we’re talking about? ( i dont mean that to sound like a jackass, serious question) _________________ "how am i supposed to torque the rear wheel nut to 250 ft lbs??? " - clonebug
An interesting thing happens in forums where everyone starts parroting the same thing and "common knowledge" takes over.
Most experts aren't. |
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