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Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics)
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ashman40
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PostPosted: Tue Feb 07, 2023 11:34 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

J-Gaz. wrote:
I've got a 70 Beetle, and the metal housing... My question is, does anyone have pictures of where the pigtails connect.

If you have the OE switch it should not be too difficult.

From under the steering column, look up and you can see all the wiring from the steering column passes thru a single large grommet into the trunk.

Look from the trunk side and find where the wires come thru. In the below pic it is the black harness of wires coming thru the grommet at the bottom left of the pic.
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.

The above pic is for a later Beetle. Your fuse box will look different.
There should only be two harnesses passing thru the hole. One for the turn signal wires, one for the ignition switch wires. It may look like a single harness or may be taped/wrapped together. The ignition switch wires will have the thick red, red/black and black wires. Check the wire colors at the bottom of the ignition switch. Trace these wires after they enter the trunk to their first junction and disconnect them.
    One (black) will run to the fuse box.
    One (red) will run to the headlight switch.
    One (red/black) will run to a junction with a solid red(?) wire that runs to the starter solenoid so enters the main harness that runs to the rear of the car.
    There may be a grey wire that runs to the door buzzer relay (if you have one).

Keep note where each wire was connected as the new wires will need to connect in place of the old ones. Did I miss any wires coming off the switch? Just trace all the wires coming from the ignition switch and disconnect them.

Once they are all disconnected, push the harness/wires back thru the hole so they all hang from the steering column. You may not be able to fully pull the wires from under the dash. You may need to push the wires one at a time from the trunk side so they slide thru the grommet past the turn signal switch harness which should remain in place. Just separate the ignition switch wires and pull then thru the hole in the dash/trunk.
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Cusser
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 06, 2023 12:39 pm    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

Yes, please do not cut wires and use crimp butt-connectors !!!!
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PostPosted: Mon Feb 06, 2023 9:38 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

I've got a 70 Beetle, and the metal housing, I'm going to be doing this later this month. Although as stated above, the housing could have come loose, I have already purchased a new nos part.

My question is, does anyone have pictures of where the pigtails connect. I don't want to do as Cusser Says, and get lazy and just crimp the wires to the old wires under the dash.
Appreciate it.

Probably obvious when in the car, but I've found that reference pictures are always helpful.

Appreciate it.

Cusser wrote:
ashman40 wrote:
A-Wild wrote:
Yeah it's a 71 Vert. ... Not having much luck finding that piece on line. Any ideas?

You need the entire ignition switch (electrical) along with the pigtail of wires.
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.

http://www.wolfsburgwest.com/cart/DetailsList.cfm?ID=111905865F


... DON'T get lazy and just crimp the wires to the old wires under the dash !!! FEED the new wires through the grommet and attach to the original male terminals/connectors.

The 1971 part is a one-year for beetles.

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PostPosted: Sun Aug 21, 2022 2:43 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

bnam wrote:
The original style one could come loose at the crimps like this on my car
Hi thanks for the pictures I took. Apart my switch when I took the bottom section off a small ball barking jumped out I found it but where does it sit ?
Help please
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.


Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.


Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.


Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.



Cleaned and recrimped:
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.


Working well for over a year now.
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PostPosted: Fri May 27, 2022 3:48 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

ashman40 wrote:
Here are the rotating metal pieces:
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.


Thanks cos your work save my switch, have been a pain in the as, the Y piece works better if it is a little flattened, even a bit bend upwards on the key positions pics, for the not contact part, (I mean the click position part of the Y, the contacts part can't be touched)
work for me after some attempts, the problem was intermitent loose contact for coil, idot lights.... seems consistent till now, strangely no problem with start position.
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PostPosted: Wed Apr 14, 2021 8:30 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

I've not opened up a '68-'70 aftermarket ignition switch, but if it was anything like my aftermarket '71 switch the electrical contact areas inside the switch are small. This means they will burn quickly with use.

I recommend you add a Bosch-type SPST/SPDT relay to the #15 circuit immediately after the ignition switch (between switch and fuse box) and a Hard Start Relay to the #50 circuit (under the rear seat is okay). This will reduce the current flow thru the ignition switch contacts to just 50~100mA (current needed to energize the Bosch relay). That will extend the lifespan of the (poor) ignition switch contacts by minimizing the current flow thru the contacts. Add a resistor/capacitor to the relay and your will get even more lifespan.
This only helps if the internal contacts are getting burnt. Adding relays won't help if the mechanicals of the switch are breaking.
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PostPosted: Tue Apr 13, 2021 10:53 pm    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

ashman40 wrote:
veedub19-68 wrote:
Can anyone please confirm if the later model (plastic with terminals) is able to replace a 68 ignition switch (metal body crimped wires). Will it fit in the column and ignition housing? THANKS!!!!

Give this thread a read:
https://www.thesamba.com/vw/forum/viewtopic.php?p=9459528
It has pics of the inside end of the '68-'70 lock assembly and the end of the plastic '71 ignition switch electrical (the OP seems to have received the wrong part). You can see the "key opening" in the end of the electrical portion didn't match the "key" inside the lock assembly. Later in the thread you can see the metal cased '68-'70 electrical portion with a different shaped opening for the "key" to fit into. So I'm thinking the '72 electrical will not fit well either.


Bugger. I keep having my switches fail. The last failed the same day it was installed. I spoke to a local supplier and they said it is very common and there isn't a reliable source available for 68-70
Must be bad contacts inside or poor spring pressure. If I push the wires into the casing, which will Bring the contacts to the slider, I will get my ignition lights, but if I pull the wires I will loose them.
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ashman40
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PostPosted: Tue Apr 13, 2021 10:06 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

veedub19-68 wrote:
Can anyone please confirm if the later model (plastic with terminals) is able to replace a 68 ignition switch (metal body crimped wires). Will it fit in the column and ignition housing? THANKS!!!!

Give this thread a read:
https://www.thesamba.com/vw/forum/viewtopic.php?p=9459528
It has pics of the inside end of the '68-'70 lock assembly and the end of the plastic '71 ignition switch electrical (the OP seems to have received the wrong part). You can see the "key opening" in the end of the electrical portion didn't match the "key" inside the lock assembly. Later in the thread you can see the metal cased '68-'70 electrical portion with a different shaped opening for the "key" to fit into. So I'm thinking the '72 electrical will not fit well either.
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PostPosted: Mon Apr 12, 2021 10:32 pm    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

ashman40 wrote:
A-Wild wrote:
Yeah it's a 71 Vert. ... Not having much luck finding that piece on line. Any ideas?

You need the entire ignition switch (electrical) along with the pigtail of wires.
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.

http://www.wolfsburgwest.com/cart/DetailsList.cfm?ID=111905865F

An option that I was considering before I got rid of my Beetle.... using a '72 ignition switch:
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.

And adding push on female spades to the ends of the existing wires. This save the trouble of running wires and makes use of a less expensive ignition switch ($13 vs. $35). You'll want to individually heat shrink tube the ends of the non-insulated crimp on terminals (you won't have the space to use the cheap insulated terminals). If you don't have access to these crimp on terminals then just go with the correct '71 ignition switch.

My suggestion is to add a HSR when installing an aftermarket ignition switch. This will extend the life of your new ignition switch.




Can anyone please confirm if the later model (plastic with terminals) is able to replace a 68 ignition switch (metal body crimped wires). Will it fit in the column and ignition housing? THANKS!!!!
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PostPosted: Thu Jan 21, 2021 2:44 pm    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

Thank you Ashman, I will take your advice.
Cheers, chookhen.
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ashman40
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PostPosted: Thu Jan 21, 2021 8:59 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

edjose17 wrote:
ashman40 wrote:
*It is important that the relay ONLY be placed in the wire between the ignition switch and the fuse box. Installing an ignition switched relay somewhere AFTER the fuse box (like the engine compartment) could result in a problem with the engine running ON even AFTER you have turned the ignition switch OFF.


Can you explain why this happen? I was planning to add a relay under the back seat to provide clean power to black wire going to the coil, but your comment make me think twice about doing it.

I know this is an older post, but I thought it deserved a reply...

Most people take a high level look at the #15 ignition circuit and see that the ignition switch is the source of 12v+ when the ignition switch is turned to the ON/RUN or START positions. This is plainly clear.
So when the ignition switch is turned to the OFF position it would make sense that the #15 circuit becomes unpowered. This is only true when the engine/charging system is not running. But things are different when the engine is running and the charging system is working...

Take a closer look at the GEN lamp wiring in the speedometer... here is a diagram from Speedy Jim's site that simplifies the wiring:
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.

When you first turn the key to ON/RUN (before starting the engine) the GEN lamp is powered from the fuse box (fuse on the right) and is grounded by the field coil inside the alternator (or VR for generators). This is why the GEN lamp turns ON before the engine is started.
Once the engine is running and the charging system is functional the alternator/generator produces 12v+ out of the #61/D+ terminal. With 12v+ coming from both directions the GEN lamp turns OFF. It turns OFF not from a lack of voltage but because there is balance of current flow and no electrical current is flowing thru the lamp, so it turns OFF. This is a key point... voltage coming out the D+/#61 terminal of the charging system is trying to flow from the charging system backwards into the #15 fused circuit but it is being stopped by the voltage coming from the ignition switch/fuse box.

** Placing a relay anywhere other than on the wire coming from the ignition switch means the relay is powered by the #15 circuit and not specifically from the ignition switch. As long as there is voltage on the #15 circuit it will power the relay even when the ignition switch is turned OFF.

For a running engine...
    At the moment the ignition switch is turned OFF the voltage coming from the ignition switch is instantly stopped. The GEN lamp no longer has voltage coming from the fuse box.

    The momentum of the engine means the engine is still rotating at the moment the ignition switch is turned OFF so the charging system is still producing some voltage/current even when the ignition has stopped. The positive current flow on the #61 circuit is now coming from the #61/D+ on the alternator/VR to the GEN lamp and into the #15 circuit.

    The GEN lamp is highly restrictive so the current/voltage provided will be low (only 2W of power passes thru the bulb). Voltage readings on the #15 circuit at the rear seat or engine compartment will be well below 10v (I measured 6v at the engine compartment). Normally, this is insufficient to power the ignition coil and the coil would stop firing a spark which shuts the engine OFF.

    But... if you have a Bosch-style SPST/SPDT relay powering the ignition coil #15 terminal circuit from a constant 12v+ source (battery post) the coil runs off the constant 12v source and not the ignition switch. As long as the ignition switch provides enough voltage to keep the relay powered the ignition coil sees full battery voltage.
    The Bosch-style relay will remain energized with as little as 6.0v (5.5v in some cases). So the current passing thru the GEN lamp backward into the #15 circuit is enough to keep this ignition relay energized which keeps the ignition coil fully powered (12v) which keeps the engine running. Even with the ignition switch turned OFF! The charging system output backward over the #61 wire into the #15 circuit is enough to keep the ignition coil ON... powered by the relay triggered from the GEN lamp!

To "fix" this, a 1A diode is added to the GEN lamp to limit current flow to one direction (fuse box to alternator). This will allow the GEN lamp to work mostly normally, but prevents the GEN lamp from powering the #15 circuit. The downside of this is the GEN lamp will no longer glow when the charging system is over-charging (or the battery is weak, something the stock circuit does.
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PostPosted: Thu Jan 21, 2021 8:31 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

chookhen wrote:
My 71 super's ignition switch decided to stay fully engaged in the switch on position resulting in continual engagement of the starter which on returning to the on position power was cut and engine stopped.

Sounds like you ignition switch (electrical) has failed. You can try to rebuild it (open up and clean contacts) or buy an aftermarket replacement.


chookhen wrote:
I managed to remove the barrel but switch is hard wired in.

The wires are soldered to the bottom of the switch up thru the '71 model year, but the switch itself is held into the lock assembly by a single small screw ("2" in pic below).
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.

Once you remove the screw the switch should fall out the bottom of the assembly.


chookhen wrote:
Would a solution be to place a momentary switch between key switch and the the wire to the starter with the spade connection so key could be left in tne on position and momentary switch would activate the circuit.
I note the spade connection wire I would be breaking for the switch is not particularly large, would a high ampere switch be sufficient or should a relay be fitted, I would include a fuse in circuit.

It is a common work around to add a push button momentary switch on the #50 (red/black) starter solenoid wire to provide 12v anytime the button is pressed. The current draw of the starter solenoid is around 15A so the switch needs to be a sizeable push button rated for 20A or more.
I would recommend adding a Hard Start Relay (HSR) near the battery to offload this current load. The load of a Bosch-style HSR's coil is only 0.1A. This reduces the size of the switch needed up front. Even the smallest of switches can manage 0.1A.


I recommend you replace/repair the ignition switch and add an HSR below the rear seat to offload the current from the new/repaired ignition switch.
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PostPosted: Thu Jan 21, 2021 12:46 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

Hi All,
First day today so forgive me if I am perhaps in the wrong section.
My 71 super's ignition switch decided to stay fully engaged in the switch on position resulting in continual engagement of the starter which on returning to the on position power was cut and engine stopped.
I managed to remove the barrel but switch is hard wired in.
Would a solution be to place a momentary switch between key switch and the the wire to the starter with the spade connection so key could be left in tne on position and momentary switch would activate the circuit.
I note the spade connection wire I would be breaking for the switch is not particularly large, would a high ampere switch be sufficient or should a relay be fitted, I would include a fuse in circuit.
Does all this make any sense.?
I would appreciate any criticism or ideas from members who no doubt will have more knowledge than me.
Greetings from Queensland.
i
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PostPosted: Mon May 25, 2020 1:29 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

ashman40 wrote:
*It is important that the relay ONLY be placed in the wire between the ignition switch and the fuse box. Installing an ignition switched relay somewhere AFTER the fuse box (like the engine compartment) could result in a problem with the engine running ON even AFTER you have turned the ignition switch OFF.


Can you explain why this happen? I was planning to add a relay under the back seat to provide clean power to black wire going to the coil, but your comment make me think twice about doing it.
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 11, 2019 6:25 pm    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

Thanks Ashman40 for the further explanation of where to put the relays for the other high current wires coming from the ignition switch.

Many years ago I came across an article about improving headlights and reducing headlight glare, I was surprised to still find it on the internet though it appears to have been updated. The author is Daniel Stern. He has a website: https://www.danielsternlighting.com/home.html

There are loads of things on his website that include using relays for headlights, headlight switches, and other electrical improvements; lots od how to instructions. It is well work checking out.
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PostPosted: Tue Jul 09, 2019 10:20 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

dvancleve wrote:
What is an ignition relay? I did some searching here an didn’t find any other references.

The suggestion of an "ignition relay" uses the same principle as a Hard Start Relay (HSR). The Bosch-style SPDT relay only requires 6v to activate so will function even if the ignition switch has been damaged after years of use. As long as you can consistently get at least 6v out of the ignition switch every time the relay will reliably work. But if the switch is so bad that it inconsistently provides voltage, the switch is bad and needs to be replaced/rebuilt.
Secondly, the use of the relay reduces the current flow thru the internal switch contacts which prolongs the life of the ignition switch. This applies whether you have an OE switch or an aftermarket switch. That current flow is moved to the relay itself. If the relay were to fail, it is a simple/cheap R&R with a new one and you are working once more. New SPDT relays can be found at ANY FLAPS. No need to disassemble the steering column to replace the ignition switch. But this would be a rare need as Bosch-style relays are known for their reliability and years of service.

Instead of being placed in the #50 circuit path like the HSR, the ignition relay would be placed in the #15 (black wire) circuit immediately between the ignition switch and the fuse box. Being close to the fuse box works best because the relay will be tapping the #30 circuit for power.
*It is important that the relay ONLY be placed in the wire between the ignition switch and the fuse box. Installing an ignition switched relay somewhere AFTER the fuse box (like the engine compartment) could result in a problem with the engine running ON even AFTER you have turned the ignition switch OFF.

If you have a '71-later Beetle you might also consider adding a relay to the "X" circuit (black/yellow wire from the ignition switch). This circuit powers the headlights and the wipers in later years. That's a lot of current. Again, this would be placed in the wiring between the ignition switch and the fuse box.
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PostPosted: Tue Jul 09, 2019 1:32 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

TK-CS: your description of the EU Bug switch terminals has me stumped. What is w/o 'P'? What is the reference to P? I have a 1972 EU Super Beetle and I just had starting problems this past Sunday. When I turned the key I got no response from the starter though all the lights that normally light up when the key is turned to the ON position worked. It took some jiggling of the key and lock cylinder before the engine started. The actual engine starting is never a problem. Even after sitting for a week or more it starts with no cranking. I have an AB 1300 engine. I will be looking at the mechanical key and the ignition switch. I hope I can save it with the Hard Starting kit and with the installation of an ignition relay. The Hard Starting relay and the ignition relay will take the high current off the switch contacts and put the current on the relays.

Would like to do the same thing for the other high current switches like the headlight switch. I am surprised the Beetles didn't have a horn relay. I can't think of any American car back into the 1930s that didn't use a horn relay. Not using a relay may contribute to the anemic sounding horn.
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PostPosted: Tue Jul 09, 2019 1:09 am    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

I believe the plug you are looking for was used on the 72 through 74 1/2 Super Beetles and possibly on Standards too. If there was a part number for the plug only it might be used in newer vehicles too. With all the Beetles and other cars that used this plug connection and that are rotting away there should be a few hundred or thousand that could be salvaged. I think I found this on TheSamba. The original author's name is on the picture.
Image may have been reduced in size. Click image to view fullscreen.
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 11, 2019 2:26 pm    Post subject: Re: Dissecting the ignition switch electrical (wordy w/ pics) Reply with quote

ashman40 wrote:
That odd shaped plug is what fits onto the '72 ignition switch terminals.
I don't know if you can find the plug NEW. You might need to look at recycled parts or find a '72 Beetle in the recycle yard.


You may find this plug on nearly any VW from Mj. 1972 thru 1988 (Passat/Quantum), 1989 (Rabbit/Golf/Jetta/Scirocco), or Bus T3 (all). Also on some old Audi and Porsche 924.

My input to the confusion about the S/SU terminal (ground or 12V) from European sight:
Factory installed is commonly a starter switch that has only the terminals that are required in the particular car:

EU Bug: w/o P, w/o S/SU
EU Type3: w/ P, w/o S/SU
US Bug: w/o P, w/ S/SU
US Type3: w/o P, w/ S/SU

Spare part switches from VW were equipped with all terminals to fit cars for any market.
On spare parts until Mj. 1974 the S/SU terminal makes connection to ground, on parts from Mj. 1975 the S/SU terminal makes connection to +12V.
So I think for Mj. 1975 on the US-Cars the wiring for the buzzer changed.

In European cars the S/SU terminal came to use not earlier as Mj. 1990, as the new radio generation than startet to make use of it to switch on/off with the ignition key in the ignition lock. If switched on without key the radio would switch off automatically after one hour.
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 11, 2019 11:43 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Blue69Baja wrote:
Great write up!!!

Yes a start relay and a Ignition relay will preserve that ignition switch assy.

Replacement switches that I have seen are not as reliable as OE.

Thanks for taking the time to show the assy.

Jim


I may take a stab at rebuilding the (I think) original from my ’68, bit I am definitely adding an HSR. What is an ignition relay? I did some searching here an didn’t find any other references.

Thanks, Doug
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